Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment - Paperbackby Council of Europe (Author) The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages is the result of over ten years' research by a number of leading applied linguists and pedagogical specialists from the 41 member states of the Council of Europe. Its various drafts have undergone widespread consultation and the end product is a unique contribution to applied linguistics, providing a completely new, detailed model for describing and scaling language